Yield to Maturity Essay Example

Yield to Maturity Essay In economics yield to mature is the internal rate of return from the flows of cash of fixed income security, especially from bonds. Yield is paid if the bonds or other securities are to be held until their maturity. Yield to maturity is a measurement of the return from the bonds. Yield to maturity gives investors the opportunity to calculate the fair value of financial instruments. Yield to maturity applies exactly to a zero coupon bond. The reason is that this bond has no interest to be reinvested. (Yield to Maturity) Yield to maturity assumes that all interests and dividends are reinvested. It takes also into account losses and gains in case of difference between the purchase and redemption price. Economists say that yield to maturity is a projection of future performance, because yield to maturity has to assume a reinvestment and the rate of yield to maturity itself. In other words, yield to maturity â€Å"an implicit function that can only be evaluated by the method of successive approximations†. To achieve the quoted yield to maturity is easy when a zero coupon bond is to be help until maturity. Yield to maturity is mostly quoted in terms of â€Å"bond-equivalent yield†. (Yield to Maturity) We will write a custom essay sample on Yield to Maturity specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Yield to Maturity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Yield to Maturity specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For example, let’s consider a zero coupon bond that is 30 years. Its face value would be $100. The bond would cost $5.73 today if it is priced at a yield to maturity of 10%. The annualized return would be 10% over the thirty years, because the price would advance to $100. Let’s suppose that during first 10 years the interest rates would decline. In the result the yield to maturity would fall to 7%. After 20 years of maturity the bond price would be $25.84. Nevertheless even in such situation the yield to maturity for bond would be just 7%. The bargained yield to maturity for the moment of bond buying was 10%, the earned return over the 10 years would be 16.26%. But it doesn’t mean that the bond holder will earn 16.26 annually over the remaining 20 years. His annual income would be only 7%. It will be found that over the 30 years period the annual return would be 10%. (Bond Yield to Maturity) References â€Å"Yield to Maturity: Definition†. (2005). Retrieved September, 17, from investorwords.com.

Pros and Cons of School Uniforms

Pros and Cons of School Uniforms They come in soft yellow polo shirts. They come in white blouses. They come in plaid skirts or jumpers. They come in pleated pants, navy or khaki. They are all made of durable fabric. They come in all sizes. They are school uniforms. And despite their name,  uniform, which means remaining the same in all cases and at all times, school uniforms can still look different from one student to another. Over the past twenty years, school uniforms have become a big business. The Statistic Brain Website (2017) counts that 23% of all public and private schools have a uniform policy. That means there are annual school uniform sales of over $1.3 million annually, with the average cost of $249/student. School Uniforms Defined Uniforms used at schools can range from the formal to the informal. Some schools that have implemented them have chosen what one usually thinks of in connection to private or parochial schools: nice trousers and white shirts for boys, jumpers and white shirts for girls. However, most public schools are turning to something more casual and more acceptable to parents and students: khakis or jeans and knit shirts of varying colors. The latter appears to be more affordable too because they can be used outside of school. Many school districts that have implemented uniforms have provided some sort of financial assistance for families that can not afford the extra expense. Pros of School Uniforms â€Å"Uniform of a soldier and uniform of a student both are equally needed for the nation.†Ã¢â‚¬â€¢Ã‚  Amit Kalantri, (author) Wealth of Words​ Some of the reason offered to support school uniforms are the following: Preventing gang colors, etc. in schoolsDecreasing violence and theft because of clothing and shoesInstilling discipline among studentsReducing need for administrators and teachers to be clothes police (for example, determining whether shorts are too short, etc.)Reducing distractions for studentsInstilling a sense of communityHelping schools recognize those who do not belong on campus The arguments for school uniforms hinge on their effectiveness in practice. Anecdotal information from administrators in schools that have implemented uniform policies point to the fact that they do have a positive effect on discipline and the school. Note that all of the following were from middle schools. In Long Beach (1995), officials found that the year after their mandatory program with parental opt-out was implemented, overall school crime decreased by 36%. More recently, a  2012  study found that after a year of having a uniform policy at a middle school in  Nevada, school police data showed a 63% decrease in police log reports. In Seattle, Washington, which has a mandatory policy with an opt-out saw a decrease in truancy and tardies. They had also not had a reported incident of theft. As a final example from Baltimore, Maryland, Rhonda Thompson, an official from a middle school that has a voluntary policy noticed a sense of seriousness about work. Whether any of these results can be directly linked to school uniforms is hard to say. However, it can be said that something has changed to make the officials take notice. We can not discount the coincidence of school uniforms with these changes either. If you would like more information about schools that have implemented uniform policies, see the Department of Educations Manual on School Uniforms. Cons of School Uniforms â€Å"[On school uniforms] Dont these schools do enough damage making all these kids think alike, now they have to make them look alike too? -George Carlin, comedian Some of the arguments made against uniforms include: Students and parents argue that uniforms violate their freedom of expression (see the next page of this article for more about what the Supreme Court has to say on this)Some students might choose to express their individuality through other means such as body piercing which is harder to regulate.Parents raise concerns about the cost.Because uniforms single out students as being from one school, this might lead to trouble with students from other schools.Families fear it might interfere with religious clothing like yarmulkes.A new policy for school uniforms can be time-consuming and difficult to enforce. There are concerns that uniforms are often associated with low-income, urban school settings. The Institute of Educational Science National Center  for Educational Statistics noted that in  2013–14: A higher percentage of schools where 76 percent or more of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch required school uniforms than did schools where lower percentages of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch. Other concerns have been raised by David L. Brunsma, an associate professor of sociology at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He analyzed data from schools nationwide, and published research with co-author, Kerry Ann Rockquemore that concluded that 10th-grade public school students who wore uniforms did no better than those who did not in attendance, behavior, or drug use. Conclusion: The effectiveness of uniforms will be a subject of continuing research as more schools look for solutions to socio-economic problems of attendance, discipline, bullying, student motivation, family engagement, or economic need.  And while a school uniform may be only a small part of the solution for all of these ills, they do solve one major issue, the dress code violation. As  Principal Rudolph Saunders  explains to Education Week (1/12/2005) that before school uniforms, â€Å"I would spend 60 to 90 minutes a day on dress-code violations. Of course, there are always those students who will try to alter a uniform for individuality. Skirts can be rolled up, pants can be dropped below the waist, and (inappropriate?) messages on T-shirts can still be read through issued button-down shirts. In short, there is no guarantee that  student wearing a school uniform will always meet the dress code standard. Supreme Court Rulings In Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School (1969), the court said that a students freedom of expression in school must be protected unless it would seriously interfere with the requirements of appropriate discipline. In the dissenting opinion written by Justice Hugo Black, he said, If the time has come when pupils of state-supported schools ... can defy and flout orders of school officials to keep their minds on their own schoolwork, it is the beginning of a new revolutionary era of permissiveness in this country fostered by the judiciary. Students are still protected under Tinker. However, with an increase in school violence and gang-related activities, the political climate seems to have turned more conservative, and the Supreme Court has begun to return many decisions back to the discretion of the local school board. The issue of school uniforms itself, however, has not yet been dealt with by the Supreme Court. Schools must educate students in a safe environment. Over time, education has often slipped away as the main focus of schools. As we have unfortunately seen, school safety is such an enormous issue that it is hard to come up with policies that truly work without turning a school into a prison camp. After the events at Columbine High School in 1999 where students were singled out partially for what they wore, and after numerous thefts and murders over designer shoes, it is obvious why many school districts want to institute uniforms. We must realize that learning cannot take place without some sense of decorum and discipline. Possibly instituting school uniforms might help bring back that sense of decorum and allow teachers to do what they are hired to do: teach. Parent and Student Support for Uniforms Many schools have in fact made the choice to have students wear school uniforms. Until the Supreme Court rules otherwise, this is entirely up to the school district. However, they do still have to follow state and federal anti-discrimination laws when they make their polices.Following are some ideas to make the use of uniforms easier to accept by students and parents:Make uniforms more casual - jeans and a knit shirtAllow students an outlet for their own expression: buttons to support political candidates, but not gang related paraphernaliaProvide financial assistance to those parents who can not afford the uniformsAccommodate students religious beliefs. This is required by the Religious Freedom Restoration Act.Make your program voluntary if community pressure is too largeInstitute an opt-out provision. Not including this would probably cause a court to rule against your program unless there is proof that lesser measures are ineffective.Make uniforms an integral part of the school sa fety program.

MA thesis proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MA thesis - Research Proposal Example Social media plays an important role in public relations department in private and public sectors. Internet service is not limited to entertainment and information but moves on to providing electronic services. The government of Saudi Arabia has, for example, realized the importance of internet and has given it special attention. Public relations specialists also believe, according to Alenizi, that internet applications have a high ability to elevate work quality and speed of the organization to deliver services to their customers. A study by Alshehri also shows that the use of electronic application contributes in minimizing the cost and elevating the quality of production (Jenaibi, 2013). Consequently, and according to http://www.yesser.gov.sa, an electronic government program drawn from the royal decree number 7/b/23181 in 2003 stated that all government entities have to provide electronic services through the ministry of communication and information technology (Saud & Khan, 2013 ). Saud and Khan (2013) showed that the use of social media in Saudi Arabia is rising with increase in the access to mobile phones. In 2012, the number of Facebook users in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia was 6 million and in 2013, the number increased to 7.8 million. Similarly, Saudi twitter users increased from three million in 2012 to five million in 2013. The country’s use of Instagram increased from 4 million users in 2012 to 5.7 million in 2013. According to Shorkey and Uebel (2014), many companies in Saudi Arabia, public and private, use social media for marketing. The study highlighted Flynas, STC, McDonald’s and Toyota as the top brands on Facebook. Jenaibi (2013) highlights Aramco, SABIC and STC as the top ranking companies on Twitter. Companies that deal in cosmetics and cars are the ones that rank high in the use of Instagram in Saudi Arabia. A single privately owned company in the country can have up to

Modernisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Modernisation - Essay Example As a result of this each unit focused on a specific task and was directly accountable for it. Cowper (2001) goes on to say that post 1997, in the second phase of the reform process, the labour Government headed by Tony Blair has focused on 'partnership and collaboration within the public sector.' The focus he says has " shifted from outputs to outcomes, and there is a drive to take a longer-term view in policymaking and a consumer view in service delivery." A significant aspect of modernization has been the introduction of technology to the various areas of work. Consumerist orientation of the public sector has also been an area of focus. According to Schofield, (2003) The biggest challenge for the public sector is to ensure high quality service within a limited budget. Along with these aspects comes the key area of employee relations. As the structure and focus of the organization changes, the impact is likely to be felt most by the people who work in the organization. This paper focuses on the implications of this modernization agenda on public sector industrial relations Using the available research and publications on the modernization of the public sector and public service employment relations, this paper will begin by looking at the need for modernization and the key objectives of modernization. The next section will focus on the changing face of industrial relations in the age of modernization. The focus will then shift to the significance of employee relations in the present era. Based on the findings of Dr. Stephen Bach's paper titled 'HR and new approaches to Public Sector Management: Improving HRM Capacity' (2000) and Lynette Harris' paper titled, 'UK public sector reform and gaining commitment to the 'performance agenda," (2003) this section will deal with some of the challenges that lie ahead in the modernization or reform focus. The key issue raised will be the need for better Human resource Management Practices to ensure better employee relations and greater job satisfaction. What is Modernisation According to the Policy Brief, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2005),Today Governments all over the world are under increasing pressure to open up to public scrutiny and be more accessible to the people who elected them. It was with a view to cater to this public demand , increase public trust in the Government and to improve the quality of services offered by the public sector that the Government , Cowper (2001) says introduced its modernizing agenda with a 5 point programme: a. to make policy making more evidence-based b. to make services more responsive, more coherent public and focused on the user; c. to deliver high quality, efficient public services; d. to introduce information age, on-line government including the first corporate IT strategy for government to value and reward public service with a program of Civil Service reform e. and greater diversity in recruitment As Cowper (2001) points out, the driving force behind the modernization agenda is the outcome. This model focuses on the result for the user in terms of their life or business and for the government in terms of social or economic or political change. It is not just in the United Kingdom but across the world that public sector management is in a flux. According to a white

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Data Interchange (EDI), Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), Point of Sales (POS), mCRM – (mobile CRM), Inter Organizational Information Systems (IOIS), and various other Data Mining (DM) technologies are used across various departments in the retail industry. The use of the above mentioned technologies in various stages of the supply chain in a retail industry is shown in Figure 2. â€Å"RFID is a term that describes any system of identification wherein an electronic device that uses radio frequency or magnetic field variations to communicate is attached to an item" (Glover, Bhatt, 2006). It comprises of two key components namely – a tag and a reader. The tag functions as an identification device and is attached to an item while the reader is a device which is used to identify / detect the RFID tags attached to various items (see Figure 3). The software used is known as an RFID middleware. Recently huge retail giants such as IKEA and Wal-Mart are known to depend on the RFID technology for enhancing their supply chain management process. RFID helps in better management of the retail supply chain through eliminating wastage, reducing labour cost and improving customer service (Jones et al., 2005). Electronic Data Interchange refers to a standardized process where data / business transactions take place in a computer-to-computer system (Walton, Marucheck, 1997). Within the retail industry, a significant portion of business documents including purchase orders, delivery schedules and notes, invoices, payment transfers etc are created and maintained in an electronic format. The EDI system helps in transmitting this paperless data in a hassle free manner and with minimum human intervention, thus eliminating the chances of human errors (Becker et al., 2001). Point of sale refers to a system which facilitates the sale of the product / service to the customer by accessing a product in store, and dynamically updating the inventory

The Bravery And Loyalty Of Macbeth

The Bravery And Loyalty Of Macbeth People watching the play in Shakespeares time would feel that Macbeth had no fear and is precious and worthy. O valiant cousin, o worthy gentlemen. This suggests and gives people the impression that Macbeth is a brave and steadfast warrior. People would also think that Macbeth is a staggering warrior in the battle and that hes very successful and very resilient. People would also feel that Macbeth is a hammering and a successful person that needs no help therefore because of this he should be worshiped and treated as if hes the God of the universe. People also at that time would also have good views of Macbeth because he showed a lot of bravery and became undefeatable. They would also have a good conclusion about Macbeth because hes unstoppable and so no one in the area was able to prevent him from killing other people, leaving the area with dead people. People would also think that Macbeth is victorious and they would also think that the people in the battle deserved to die and that the people in the battle were as bad as a devil because it says o worthy gentlemen. This also means that Macbeth must have done something beneficial for people in such a high extent and it also suggests that Macbeth fought against whats right and bad to be in such a high rank, to be well respected by people and so the dead people deserved to die. Shakespeares uses a type a language called repetition because the word O is repeated. Also the word Valiant are nowadays archaic, which means that its less common to be used. The purpose of that type of language is to make people think twice and also gives them a reminder and it makes it more focused for the audience to understand Macbeths impression and to keep it in their mind with ease. In act one scene three the audience learn more about Macbeth, good points when he meets the witches because he shows his bravery. When he says stays you imperfect speakers, tell me more this suggests that Macbeth is powerful because hes shouting at the watches and telling the witches what to do. Imperfect speakers suggests that the witches are just making false tales up and that the witches are being untruthful and unreliable about what they are saying, as a result it makes Macbeth assume that the witches are making false tales up and that the witches are lying but hes eager to know and because he is powerful he is screeching at the witches and commanding the witches in an aggressive way to tell more about the story that Macbeth is going to be the king. Macbeth would appear in the scene with a lot of enthusiasm, excitement and with a lot of anger. When he sees the witches Macbeth would react in an enthusiastic way because the witches were telling him stories about his future. Macbeth would also find it alike about what hes hearing also he would think that theyre clowns and are just here to make false stuff up, as a result it would make Macbeth entertained. Macbeth would speak as if hes God because hes all powerful. When Macbeth says tell me more it suggests that Macbeth is angrily and desperately demanding the witches to tell him more about what theyre saying. The quote would also suggest that Macbeth at that time would move in an aggressive way and point at the witches to show and teach the witches that Macbeth is bigger, higher in rank and better and so he is to be well respected and honoured. Tell me more also suggests that Macbeth would be speaking in a cocky way. Macbeth would also be moving in a threatening way and would say s peeches like if you dont stay I will make you regret angrily to get his point across and to show that he is powerful. He would be saying all that because the witches were refusing to follow his instruction and that the witches were being very fast to try to leave the conversation. Shakespeare uses exaggeration because in the quote its written in a more of a demanding way for Macbeth. The purpose of this is to force the witches to follow what Macbeth is saying and to show that Macbeth is interested also to get the witches buzzed. In act 1 scene 3 we find out a lot more about how Macbeth feels when hes told that hes going to be the thane of Cawdor. Macbeth has become thane of Cawdor as third prediction by the witches. If chance will have me king, why chance may crown me, without my stir. This means Macbeth may become the king because the witches have also predicted this. He feels that the next the prediction that hes going to become king can also be true and he feels confused but glad at the same time. Macbeth would also feel that what he heard is true; however he wouldnt do anything to be the king. He would leave it all in luck. The quote also suggests that Macbeth isnt really self-encouraged to do anything to be the king instead he would leave it all in luck to be the king, and also he would feel that there is not point for him to stir stuff up in anyway or to fight to be the king when there is no need because he is very powerful. This is a rhetorical question, because Macbeth is asking himself that quote and the purpose of this is to make Macbeth think twice, does he think its worth it, what the consequences will be, how can he overcome?, whats the benefit etc. Similarly the purpose is like taking a move in Chess because once youve done that there are a lot to think from and it gives you a buzz, impressions and it makes you ask yourself whether its worth it or not etc. In scene 1 scene 7 Macbeth doesnt want to kill King Duncan because he says I am his kinsman and his subject, this suggests that Macbeth is very closely related to King Duncan and that Macbeth has blood relationships with King Duncan and that they both go along with each other very strongly. To clarify Macbeth is trying to say I am a cousin of the king and I will serve him. The quote also suggests that King Duncan is like a father to Macbeth and so its Macbeths duty to take care of him and treat him with great respect as if hes the slave of King Duncan. It also suggests that he cant get along with the crime as he is the kings man. The purpose of this language is to tell Lady Macbeth that Macbeth is a cousin of the king and so hes doesnt want to kill King Duncan. At the beginning of the conversation Macbeth decides not to murder King Duncan, he says we will proceed no further in this business. This means that Macbeth will not take a step to follow her instruction and that he will take no tolerance with the conversation. It also suggests that Macbeth will definitely not going to murder King Duncan and hes feeling guilty and scared of what hes planning to do and so he doesnt want to go any further. His last speech to Lady Macbeth suggests that Macbeth is prepared to kill King Duncan; he says I am settled. This means that Macbeth is prepared, certain to kill King Duncan, steady and stable to go into action and kill King Duncan. This also suggests that Macbeth will stay 100 per cent focused on King Duncan to carry out the murder; also it suggests that Macbeth will be successful due to his focuses. The purpose of this language is to tell the audience how Macbeth feels and what hes trying to say. This changes because the first reaction of Macbeth suggests that hes definitely not going to murder King Duncan and he thinks hell feel guilty, very hesitating and that hell take zero tolerance. But the last reactions of Macbeth suggests the opposite, Macbeth feels that hes 100% certain to do it, also hes eager and focused to do so. The reason why this changes because his ambition for power grows as well as being persuaded to do so. In the background Macbeth has a lot of loyalty and is honoured and well respected by others due to his bravery. He also has a lot of power and it grows dramatically and later hes very eager to become the king. Later on even though his main ambition was to become king he doesnt want to reach a stage where he thinks its bad. However his wife persuades him and argues against Macbeth, persuading him to kill King Duncan and eventually she manages to pull him to her side. Her wife uses a variety of techniques to persuade Macbeth so that he murders King Duncan. She accuses Macbeth of being a coward and soft because he doesnt want to kill King Duncan and this has an effect on Macbeth and most her speeches that she says to Macbeth is totally the opposite of what people thinks of him, and therefore it makes Macbeth feel that what her wife is saying is right, and for Macbeth in order for him to prove that Lady Macbeth is wrong he must kill King Duncan. Eventually all that stirring up that her wife does to Macbeth has an huge effect, eventually, Macbeth decides to follow her instruction and do it because Macbeth wants to prove it wrong and therefore he wants to kill King Duncan. In act 2 scene 1,the scene opens with some casual conversation which tells us that its very dark, and that something bad is about to happen. The audience must be in a way of state like as if they are watching a very horror movie; William Shakespeare made this scene scary just to match up with the killing of the king. But at the beginning of this scene it starts off with Banquo and his son Fleance in the courtyard of Macbeths castle, and Fleance is carrying a torch in this scene. Banquo asks Fleance, How goes the night, boy? Hes not asking Fleance how hes doing; hes asking how late it is. Fleance hasnt heard a clock strike, but the moon is down, so it must be past midnight. Banquo then hands his sword to Fleance, who is apparently serving as his fathers squire. Banquo also gives Fleance something else, perhaps the belt and sheath for the sword. It appears that Banquo is getting ready to go to bed, and he remarks that Theres husbandry in heaven; / their candles are all out. Husbandry i s thriftiness; Banquo means that heaven has gone to bed, and has put out its candles for the night. The moon is down, the night is starless, and there are no street lights in Macbeths castle. In short, its darker than any dark most of us have ever seen. And within this dark is fear. Banquo is dead tired and feels as heavy as lead, but hes fighting sleep because hes afraid of his own thoughts or dreams. He asks the powers above to Restrain in me the cursed thoughts that nature / Gives way to in repose!, but we dont know exactly what thoughts hes afraid of. A little later he says that he has dreamed of the weird sisters, so maybe hes been thinking about their prophecies. Perhaps he fears that Macbeth is planning murder. Or he might fear his own thoughts about how he might become the father of kings. Or maybe hes just been having uncanny thoughts, such as seem to creep up on us in a very dark night, when every bush can be a bear. Whatever fear it is thats keeping Banquo awake, its also made him edgy. When he sees another torch, he takes his sword from Fleance and calls out Whos there?. Logically, he should have nothing to fear within the locked gates of Macbeths castle, but he still feels the need to have his sword ready, just in case. But the main factor of this scene is when Macbeth goes in to kill the king of Scotland, and it all starts off with him preparing everything for the kill, until when the bell is rang by lady Macbeth just to make clear that theres no one there in the castle that is awake apart from lady Macbeth and Macbeth himself. The audience at this point would be shocked at Macbeth because of the go along of Macbeth with Lady Macbeth; the audience would not be in favour with Macbeth due to going to kill the king. While Macbeth is getting ready to kill the king and is waiting for the thumbs up by his wife at his quiet and peaceful castle something appears in front of him. Macbeth says: Is this a dagger which I see before me, the handle toward my hand? Come, let me clutch thee. This conveys that Macbeth is standing in the corridor of his castle when suddenly he discovers the floating dagger which is in front of him, he is really confused and does not know what to do, he is talking to himself saying is it a false creation of the mind or is it related to the witches, Macbeth says: A dagger of the mind, a false creation, proceeding from the heat-oppressed brain?. The dagger seems to be showing Macbeth the path which he already is in he yet again talks to himself, he says: Thou marshallst me the way that I was going, and a instrument I was to use, the readers of this play would be saying that the floating dagger is from the evil wayward sisters and they are trying to push Macbeth into killing Duncan. But suddenly within seconds Macbeth looks above to see the dagger once more, he discovers that the dagger he saw earlier is not the same, he discovers that th e dagger has gouts of blood on, dipping away on the concrete floor, he says: I see thee still, and, on thy blade and dudgeon, gouts of blood, which was not so before. He follows the dagger into the hall way up the stairs leading him to the chamber of the king Duncan, where he lays in bed, with the drunken guards a sleep not knowing anything thats going on beside them. The bell of Macbeths house rang; giving Macbeth a signal from Lady Macbeth to let him know thats everything is fine. Macbeth says: I go, and it is done: the bell invites me. Hear it not, Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or hell, this is showing that Macbeth is ready to go and kill Duncan. Shakespeare wanted the audience to feel very sad and angry with Macbeth of what he has done in this scene and I think that this scene changed the opinions of readers likes of Macbeth to dislikes. In act 2 scene 2, Macbeth seems to find the killing regretful and bad. Ill go no more: I am afraid, to think what I have done: look ont again, I dare not. This suggests that Macbeth is a timid, terrified, angry, regretful, apologetic and guilty because he was forced and controlled and unwillingly murdered King Duncan. Look ont again, I dare not is suggesting that hes physically trying to force himself to flash back in his mind what happened but he cant because hes scared. Ill go no more: I am afraid, to think what I have done suggests that hes scared because he killed his sort of father King Duncan who he always honoured and respected, however he unwillingly he killed King Duncan and so Macbeths main aim would be to get revenge on his wife because Macbeth ended up with a lot of bad feelings and didnt want to murder King Duncan at first but he was forced to do it by Lady Macbeth and she tricked Macbeth by saying stuff like youre a coward and your weak so that Macbeth gets offended and carry out the murder. Shakespeares uses a variety of techniques. The letter I gets repeated 4 times. The purpose of this is to tell the readers how Macbeth is feeling and no one else, another of its purpose is to show that Macbeth is saying it which he is saying is more exact and that no one else is saying it. Another technique that Shakespeare uses is rhetorical question, the purpose of this is to make Macbeth think what he done and thing in which he couldve done to no do etc. The last technique that Shakespeare uses is opinion; this is a great way to let people see how Macbeth feels during that event. In Shakespeares time people were scared of witches and potions; nowadays people arent scared of witches so if it happened in a modern time people wouldnt be that scared whereas if it happened in Shakespeares time the audience would find it frightening. Appearance would have a difference people nowadays would were a robe and a wizard hat to represent that theyre witches which would make easy for the audience to identify them. In olden times they wouldnt look like this, their would be more like a tramp style, they would look ugly and dirty and it would be much harder to identify who they are, the audience would think that they are beggars and nothing else. The appearance of women also has a big difference nowadays women wears bikini, bras, and skirts whereas in Shakespeares time women wore gowns and dresses. Men would dress as women in Shakespeares time because there were no women actors because they were weak to make a suggestion whereas if it happened in a modern time there would be women actors and they would have great power. Also in Shakespeares time black magic and unusual form of magic e.g. potions, vials would be more commonly used whereas nowadays they are hardly used. The speeches would have a huge difference compared to Shakespeares time, they would use very classic words and they would speak formally in Shakespeares time would speak formally instead of slang whereas nowadays slang is more commonly used to get our message across. The use of Technology would also have a massive difference nowadays if it happened in a theatre there would be sound effects, smoke effects, and lightning effects and so on to keep spectators entertained also the performers would have a great advantage to get their message across because of loud voice due to microphone usage. The theatre would be performed live so that people can watch it. If it happened in Shakespeares time there would be no use of technology meaning that no sound effects would be used other than instruments, the audience in Shakespeares time would find i t very difficult on what the performers were saying because there would be no microphone to extend their voice and so the performers voice wouldnt be that loud, this would make the performers difficult to get their message across and also the spectators would find it hard to hear what they were saying. The acting would also have a major difference if it happened in a modern time the performers would use machine guns, laser weapons rifles etc. Whereas if it happened in Shakespeares time the performers would use swords, knifes, bows, magic etc. In conclusion of this play, I think that the play Macbeth written by William Shakespeare is one of the greatest tragic dramas the world has ever encountered. Macbeth is my favourite drama play of all time and another thing that is attracting the readers is the writers use of dramatic techniques to convey his character to the audience. I really like this play due to fascination of kings and queens and most of all the witches, I would recommend this play to other people who have not read it before, it is BRILLIANT! I think that the main cause for Macbeths actions inside the play is because of the witches who played an important role in the play to try and convince Macbeth that what the witches were telling, was the truth but also his driving ambition to become king had an effect on him because all he could think of is to become king and this driven him to the driving seat. But not only was his driving ambition of becoming king was the main cause for Macbeths actions, it was also his ve ry ambitious wife who controlled her husband into killing Duncan to become king, she had the main event in her hands and that is when lady Macbeth persuaded Macbeth to murder King Duncan. I also think that Macbeth was really brave to go along and kill Duncan, and to eventually become king but also I think that he was very stupid and gullible to actually do this because at the end of the play he dies in a painful death and that is because of his driving ambition of becoming king, due to his wife and mainly the witches. Although Macbeth was a good and a well honourable man at the beginning (for example, he was called Brave Macbeth), he made one big mistake that put him in the worst situation. Right at the beginning he was well respect and honoured by his surroundings. But at the end because he killed King Duncan because he got persuaded due to his ambition, as well as being persuaded to do so by his wife, at the end Macbeth became very disrespectful, and became very cruel because he murdered anyone surrounded by him and because of this he died in a painful death. Macbeth says I will not be afraid of death and bane, Till Birnam forest come to dunsinane. This suggests tha t Macbeth is not afraid to die, also hes saying that is England and that is Scotland and so come and get me, to the warriors. I would personally say that Macbeth is a coward because he unwillingly killed King Duncan and also because he had a free will, he couldve chose the option to reject and to not kill King Duncan. And even though Macbeth had a free choice he didnt reject Lady Macbeths instructions, so I believe he is a coward. I think that Macbeth had changed because practically he showed great respect and treated King Duncan as if its his own father and he had good views of him. But he changed because eventually because he murdered King Duncan cowardly because he was controlled by his wife to do so despite Macbeth didnt want to but he followed her instruction to murder King Duncan. He changed because he killed his own beloved King Duncan when he didnt want to; this also suggests that Lady Macbeth had influence on Macbeth and that Lady Macbeth is sly and cunning. Macbeth had great power in the background but he couldnt make use of it to reject what Lady Macbeth instructed him to do. Macbeth was weaker a nd didnt have the courage to fight or argue back with his wife. It also suggests that Macbeth was a coward because he obeyed Lady Macbeths rule when he didnt want to.

The Use of Humour in The Opposite Sex. :: English Literature

Discuss the use of humour in The Opposite Sex. The Opposite Sex is a small story, which although diminuitive in length, fits its' purpose well as a humourous short read. The use of language, the portrayal of certain images and the dexterous use of imagery in literary terms such as similies are all well within place in the story- all contributing to the laughable effect that it has upon its' readers. I believe that 'The Opposite Sex' is set and based on the times that the writer Laurie Lee had when he was a young boy. This helps to link the story into modern age circumstances, that although it has been a few years since Lee was a young boy, as proven in my Julius Caesar essay, human nature does not change. Therefore the reader finds it easier to relate to. The story is written very informally, rather like a 'chatty' style, this helps to create a better link between the writing and the reader themselves. This is shown in the very first line of 'The Opposite Sex'. Only six words in, the word 'sex'is used. To many this would be shocking, but also a small pointer in the direction of an exciting read. When Lee describes how his life was as open as a 'cucumber frame' and that sex to him was a 'constant force like the national grid', we begin to see his imaginative use of similies, which are used well by Lee to create good humourous effect. One of the funniest parts from the story follows, as Lee describes how he felt about sex, using lots of tricky similies and using the comparison between sex and a 'game of cricket'. 'After years of lazily inspecting the pitch, came when I was suddenly called to play'. This shows that Lee had been concious of sex for a long time, but his burst for it had only just emerged as he was 'called to play'. He then writes- 'There had of course, been early practice at the nets, some of it solitary..". I found this particular extraction from the story very humourous, as Lee is using such phallic symbols as these, which is paving the way for the reader to imagine what he's actually getting it, so therefore it would apply to everybody's sense of humour. Then he writes, '..the occasion arrived when I actually stood at the crease, bat in hand, ready to strip the willow'. I also found this particular part very amusing, as mentioned before, I can imagine what he's getting at here. It's a clever use of a set of phallic symbols which serve to take place of any crude language and also help to add